Firmware is a type of software that is built into hardware devices and provides low-level control of device functions and operations, often used in routers, printers, and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices. An example of firmware is iOS or Android.

What is firmware?

Firmware It is a special type of software permanently stored directly on a hardware device. It controls the device’s basic functions—such as how it starts up, communicates with a network, or responds to user commands. Firmware can be found in devices like routers, printers, computer motherboards, as well as in mobile phones and security cameras. Firmware is to a device what the brain is to the body—without it, the device cannot function.

How firmware appears in practice

Examples of firmware usage in business environments:

• Network router – firmware manages data flow, encryption, and network access.
• Security camera – firmware controls video capture, storage, and remote access.
• Printer – firmware handles print jobs, processing, and network communication.
• Laptop or server – BIOS/UEFI firmware manages system boot and hardware configuration.
• Industrial systems (e.g., SCADA) – rely on robust firmware to safely control operational processes.

If the firmware is outdated or contains vulnerabilities, it can be exploited—often without leaving a trace in conventional system logs.

How firmwarem appears in practice

• Firmware – runs directly on hardware to control core functions.
• Software applications running on an operating system (e.g., accounting tools, browsers).
• BIOS/UEFI – specific firmware types used in PCs to initialize and configure hardware at startup.

The key difference is proximity to hardware. Firmware works at the foundational level, bridging hardware and software. Because of its critical role, firmware security is essential—but often overlooked.

How to assess and manage firmware in your company

Recommended steps:

1. Inventory all devices with embedded firmware (network gear, servers, IoT, etc.).
2. Check firmware versions – and look for updates from manufacturers.
3. Establish a process for firmware updates , preferably under IT or security oversight.
4. Restrict access to device management interfaces (e.g., router admin panels).
5. Use centralized management tools for larger environments to monitor and control firmware status.

Many companies overlook firmware because it doesn’t behave like normal software. But attackers don’t. Exploiting outdated firmware is a common tactic. Keeping it secure means fewer vulnerabilities, fewer outages, and more reliable operations.