An ethical hacker legally tests IT security and helps companies find vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them.

What is ethical hacker?

Ethical hacker is a cybersecurity specialist who simulates real-world attacks on IT systems to identify vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. They operate legally and with the company’s consent, aiming to strengthen the protection of data, systems, and networks. Unlike black-hat hackers, ethical hackers act in the interest of security, not harm.

How ethical hacker appears in practice

Common use cases where companies engage ethical hackers:

• Testing a web application’s security before launch.
• Detecting weak firewall or VPN configurations.
• Uncovering the use of weak employee passwords.
• Assessing exposure via unprotected ports or misconfigured systems.
• Simulating phishing campaigns to identify risky user behavior.

Ethical hackers often use the same tools and tactics as attackers, but the outcome is a professional report with findings and recommendations. This proactive approach helps organizations improve security before a real breach occurs.

Ethical hacker vs. related terms

• Ethical hacker – A professional who tests systems legally to improve security.
• Penetration Tester (Pentester) – Often synonymous, but usually focused more narrowly on technical testing.
• Black hat hacker – An attacker acting without permission, aiming to cause damage or steal data.

The key differences are intent and authorization. Ethical hackers have formal approval and aim to protect. Black-hat hackers act illegally and harmfully. Understanding these distinctions is essential for any business security strategy.

How to work with ethical hackers in your company 

Steps to collaborate with an ethical hacker:

1. Define the testing target – e.g., website, internal network, application
2. Choose a trusted provider – with proven credentials and references
3. Set a clear scope and contract – outline what is tested and under what conditions
4. Ensure communication – provide contact persons during testing
5. Evaluate findings and apply fixes – prioritize and implement recommendations

Many businesses invest in security tools but don’t verify if they truly work under attack. An ethical hacker acts as a safety net, revealing weaknesses before attackers do. With the right expert, you’re not taking a risk—you’re managing one.